Citing sources

Quoting and paraphrasing

What is the difference between quoting and paraphrasing? You either quote directly from the text or rephrase main ideas in your own words.

• A quote is an accurate, exact rendition of what someone else has said or written, a piece of text that you copy into your own text. Put quotations marks around the quote.
  
• A paraphrase repeats someone else's ideas, but in your own words. You paraphrase what others have written or said by conveying their ideas while using your own words combined with reporting phrases. 
  

Citing

When citing, you select a number of relevant information sources which are closely related to your subject and which support your arguments and views. You always have to acknowledge that you are using someone else's ideas or formulations.

Your paraphrases and quotes are to be integrated into your text and commented on. Use adequate reporting phrases to introduce your sources. It is essential that paraphrases and quotes are correctly attributed to the original information source. By applying citation guidelines, you also avoid plagiarising someone else's work or ideas. Use the reference style that your lecturer recommends, for instance APA, Harvard, IEEE or Vancouver.

• Read more about Quoting, paraphrasing and summarising

Reporting phrases

Reporting phrases indicate that you are using a source. Here are some examples:

1. Thus far, previous studies have shown that...
2. A number of studies have confirmed the...
3. According to Smith (2011), ...
4. In accordance with this, he/she also states...

• More examples of phrases

Reference management with Mendeley

When using Mendeley, you can import references from databases, insert references into documents and prepare a list of works cited for your essay or your report.

• More information about Mendeley

Guides to reference styles

APA

• Reference guide to APA from Karolinska Institutet
• Citing and Referencing: APA from Monash University

Harvard

• Harvard citation style
  
• Citing and Referencing: Harvard from Monash University

IEEE

• IEEE Citation Style Guide
  
• The IEEE style

MLA

• MLA Style from Purdue University

Oxford

• The Oxford referencing style

Vancouver

• Reference guide to Vancouver

Writing Centre

If you need support in your writing process, for instance with citing and referencing, you can contact the Writing Centre in the Library.

• To the Writing Centre